@inproceedings{citeulike:5944508, abstract = {This study identifies (1) the steps involved in framing a multi disciplinary digital library to the 5S Model, a formal model for digital libraries. (2) the major benefits the 5S Model delivers toward simplifying a digital library's resource info structure; including the creation of simplified resource classification trees and development of a user interface which interacts with such trees to enable the best in browse ability.This poster presents a graphical mapping of how individual naming functions of the spatial temporal organization (Fnodes) are mapped to the user interface. More so, the poser will display the importance of the examples of how the spaces element is used to create "HTML HELPERS" which eventually result in the ultimate in ease of usability on the user end. The blending of these components to suffice for all disciplines of a digital library are the fundamental ingredients to creating an established online repository.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Drutar, Michael and Coleman, Charles and Fox, Edward}, booktitle = {JCDL '06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries}, citeulike-article-id = {5944508}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1141753.1141846}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1141753.1141846}, doi = {10.1145/1141753.1141846}, isbn = {1-59593-354-9}, location = {Chapel Hill, NC, USA}, pages = {351}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 16:35:35}, priority = {2}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Creating a multi disciplinary digital library in the 5S framework}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1141753.1141846}, year = {2006} } @inproceedings{citeulike:1725430, abstract = {Digital libraries (DLs) are among the most complex kinds of information systems, due in part to their intrinsic multi disciplinary nature. Nowadays DLs are built within monolithic, tightly integrated, and generally inflexible systems -- or by assembling disparate components together in an ad-hoc way, with resulting problems in interoperability and adaptability. More importantly, conceptual modeling, requirements analysis, and software engineering approaches are rarely supported, making it extremely difficult to tailor DL content and behavior to the interests, needs, and preferences of particular communities. In this paper, we address these problems. In particular, we present 5SL, a declarative language for specifying and generating domain-specific digital libraries. 5SL is based on the 5S formal theory for digital libraries and enables high-level specification of DLs in five complementary dimensions, including: the kinds of multimedia information the DL supports (Stream Model); how that information is structured and organized (Structural Model); different logical and presentational properties and operations of DL components (Spatial Model); the behavior of the DL (Scenario Model); and the different societies of actors and managers of services that act together to carry out the DL behavior (Societal Model). The practical feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by the presentation of a 5SL digital library generator for the MARIAN digital library system.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Gon\c{c}alves, Marcos A. and Fox, Edward A.}, booktitle = {JCDL '02: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries}, citeulike-article-id = {1725430}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=544220.544276}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/544220.544276}, doi = {10.1145/544220.544276}, isbn = {1-58113-513-0}, location = {Portland, Oregon, USA}, pages = {263--272}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 16:34:26}, priority = {2}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {5SL: a language for declarative specification and generation of digital libraries}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/544220.544276}, year = {2002} } @article{citeulike:5944506, abstract = {Digital libraries (DLs) are complex information systems and therefore demand formal foundations lest development efforts diverge and interoperability suffers. In this article, we propose the fundamental abstractions of Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, and Societies (5S), which allow us to define digital libraries rigorously and usefully. Streams are sequences of arbitrary items used to describe both static and dynamic (e.g., video) content. Structures can be viewed as labeled directed graphs, which impose organization. Spaces are sets with operations on those sets that obey certain constraints. Scenarios consist of sequences of events or actions that modify states of a computation in order to accomplish a functional requirement. Societies are sets of entities and activities and the relationships among them. Together these abstractions provide a formal foundation to define, relate, and unify concepts---among others, of digital objects, metadata, collections, and services---required to formalize and elucidate "digital libraries". The applicability, versatility, and unifying power of the 5S model are demonstrated through its use in three distinct applications: building and interpretation of a DL taxonomy, informal and formal analysis of case studies of digital libraries (NDLTD and OAI), and utilization as a formal basis for a DL description language.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Gon\c{c}alves, Marcos A. and Fox, Edward A. and Watson, Layne T. and Kipp, Neill A.}, citeulike-article-id = {5944506}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=984321.984325}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/984321.984325}, doi = {10.1145/984321.984325}, issn = {1046-8188}, journal = {ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.}, number = {2}, pages = {270--312}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 16:34:00}, priority = {2}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies (5s): A formal model for digital libraries}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/984321.984325}, volume = {22}, year = {2004} } @incollection{citeulike:5944491, abstract = {Log analysis can be a primary source ofkno wledge about how digital library patrons actually use DL systems and services and how systems behave while trying to support user information seeking activities. Log recording and analysis allow evaluation assessment, and open opportunities to improvements and enhanced new services. In this paper, we propose an XML-based digital library log format standard that captures a rich, detailed set of system and user behaviors supported by current digital library services. The format is implemented in a generic log component tool, which can be plugged into any digital library system. The focus of the work is on interoperability, reusability, and completeness. Specifications, implementation details, and examples of use within the MARIAN digital library system are described.}, author = {Gon\c{C}alves, Marcos and Luo, Ming and Shen, Rao and Ali, Mir and Fox, Edward}, citeulike-article-id = {5944491}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45747-X\_10}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/6d5505p4whkn4mvl}, doi = {10.1007/3-540-45747-X\_10}, journal = {Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries}, pages = {215--216}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 16:27:23}, priority = {2}, title = {An XML Log Standard and Tool for Digital Library Logging Analysis}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45747-X\_10}, year = {2002} } @incollection{citeulike:5944469, abstract = {Requirements gathering and conceptual modeling are essential for the customization of digital libraries (DLs), to help attend the needs of target communities. In this paper, we show how to apply the 5S (Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, and Societies) formal framework to support both tasks. The intuitive nature of the framework allows for easy and systematic requirements analysis, while its formal nature ensures the precision and correctness required for semi-automatic DL generation. Further, we show how 5S can help us define a domain-specific DL metamodel in the field of archaeology. Finally, an archaeological DL case study (from the ETANA project) yields informal and formal descriptions of two DL models (instances of the metamodel).}, author = {Shen, Rao and Gon\c{c}alves, Marcos A. and Fan, Weiguo and Fox, Edward}, citeulike-article-id = {5944469}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11551362\_1}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/7ay4fdqtpur8fnw2}, doi = {10.1007/11551362\_1}, journal = {Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries}, pages = {1--12}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 16:20:46}, priority = {2}, title = {Requirements Gathering and Modeling of Domain-Specific Digital Libraries with the 5S Framework: An Archaeological Case Study with ETANA}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11551362\_1}, year = {2005} } @inproceedings{citeulike:1356188, abstract = {Exploring services for digital libraries (DLs) include two major paradigms, browsing and searching, as well as other services such as clustering and visualization. In this paper, we formalize and generalize DL exploring services within a DL theory. We develop theorems to indicate that browsing and searching can be converted or mapped to each other under certain conditions. The theorems guide the design and implementation of exploring services for an integrated archaeological DL, ETANA-DL. Its integrated browsing and searching can support users in moving seamlessly between these operations, minimizing context switching, and keeping users focused. It also integrates browsing and searching into a single visual interface for DL exploration. A user study to evaluate ETANA-DL's exploring services helped validate our hypotheses.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Shen, Rao and Vemuri, Naga S. and Fan, Weiguo and Ricardo da and Fox, Edward A.}, booktitle = {JCDL '06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries}, citeulike-article-id = {1356188}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1141753.1141755}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1141753.1141755}, doi = {10.1145/1141753.1141755}, isbn = {1-59593-354-9}, location = {Chapel Hill, NC, USA}, pages = {1--10}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 16:20:10}, priority = {2}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Exploring digital libraries: integrating browsing, searching, and visualization}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1141753.1141755}, year = {2006} } @inproceedings{citeulike:2126663, abstract = {Information overload and fragmentation problems result from the huge volume of data available in digital formats. This has led to increasing interest in personal information management research. However, current efforts have not fully clarified the thinking in this area due to the lack of theoretical foundations. In this paper, we present a formal framework for personal information management through a personal digital library perspective based upon the 5S approach. This framework includes a formal definition of the components and functionalities for a minimal personal digital library. We also present the primary testing results of our initial implementation of receptor module and behavioral information relevance. Challenges expected in planned future efforts are discussed too, with suggestions for possible solutions. We believe this is one of the first efforts to provide a theoretical foundation for personal information management. Our results and planned work show promise for further doctoral research.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Ma, Yi and Fox, Edward A. and Gon\c{c}alves, Marcos A.}, booktitle = {PIKM '07: Proceedings of the ACM first Ph.D. workshop in CIKM}, citeulike-article-id = {2126663}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1316893}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1316874.1316893}, doi = {10.1145/1316874.1316893}, isbn = {978-1-59593-832-9}, location = {Lisbon, Portugal}, pages = {117--124}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 16:15:29}, priority = {2}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Personal digital library: pim through a 5s perspective}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1316874.1316893}, year = {2007} } @incollection{citeulike:1318171, abstract = {We synthesize diverse research in the area of digital library (DL) quality models, information systems (IS) success and adoption models, and information-seeking behavior models, to present a more integrated view of the concept of DL success. Such a multi-theoretical perspective, considering user community participation throughout the DL development cycle, supports understanding of the social aspects of DLs and the changing needs of users interacting with DLs. It also helps in determining when and how quality issues can be measured and how potential problems with quality can be prevented.}, author = {Shen, Rao and Vemuri, Naga and Fan, Weiguo and Fox, Edward}, citeulike-article-id = {1318171}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11863878\_18}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/n57370304508j104}, doi = {10.1007/11863878\_18}, journal = {Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries}, pages = {208--219}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 15:56:22}, priority = {2}, title = {What Is a Successful Digital Library?}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11863878\_18}, year = {2006} } @inproceedings{citeulike:5944386, abstract = {Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Ma, Yi and Fox, Edward A. and Gon\c{c}alves, Marcos A.}, booktitle = {JCDL '07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries}, citeulike-article-id = {5944386}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1255175.1255290}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1255175.1255290}, doi = {10.1145/1255175.1255290}, isbn = {978-1-59593-644-8}, location = {Vancouver, BC, Canada}, pages = {491}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 15:53:35}, priority = {2}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {PIM through a 5S perspective}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1255175.1255290}, year = {2007} } @article{citeulike:1725563, abstract = {In this article, we elaborate on the meaning of quality in digital libraries (DLs) by proposing a model that is deeply grounded in a formal framework for digital libraries: 5S (Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, and Societies). For each major DL concept in the framework we formally define a number of dimensions of quality and propose a set of numerical indicators for those quality dimensions. In particular, we consider key concepts of a minimal DL: catalog, collection, digital object, metadata specification, repository, and services. Regarding quality dimensions, we consider: accessibility, accuracy, completeness, composability, conformance, consistency, effectiveness, efficiency, extensibility, pertinence, preservability, relevance, reliability, reusability, significance, similarity, and timeliness. Regarding measurement, we consider characteristics like: response time (with regard to efficiency), cost of migration (with respect to preservability), and number of service failures (to assess reliability). For some key DL concepts, the (quality dimension, numerical indicator) pairs are illustrated through their application to a number of ” real-world” digital libraries. We also discuss connections between the proposed dimensions of DL quality and an expanded version of a workshop's consensus view of the life cycle of information in digital libraries. Such connections can be used to determine when and where quality issues can be measured, assessed, and improved – as well as how possible quality problems can be prevented, detected, and eliminated.}, address = {Tarrytown, NY, USA}, author = {Goncalves, M. and Moreira, B. and Fox, E. and Watson, L.}, citeulike-article-id = {1725563}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1241319}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2006.11.010}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030645730600197X}, doi = {10.1016/j.ipm.2006.11.010}, issn = {03064573}, journal = {Information Processing \& Management}, month = {September}, number = {5}, pages = {1416--1437}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 15:49:46}, priority = {2}, publisher = {Pergamon Press, Inc.}, title = { ” What is a good digital library?” – A quality model for digital libraries}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2006.11.010}, volume = {43}, year = {2007} } @incollection{citeulike:5944370, abstract = {This work describes 5SQual, a quantitative quality assessment tool for digital libraries based on the 5S framework. 5SQual aims to help administrators of digital libraries during the implementation and maintenance phases of a digital library, providing ways to verify the quality of digital objects, metadata and services. The tool has been designed in a flexible way, which allows it to be applied to many systems, as long as the necessary data is available. To facilitate the input of these data, the tool provides a wizard-like interface that guides the user through its configuration process.}, author = {Moreira, B\'{a}rbara and Gon\c{c}alves, Marcos and Laender, Alberto and Fox, Edward}, citeulike-article-id = {5944370}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74851-9\_44}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/l1382154kr346816}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-74851-9\_44}, journal = {Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries}, pages = {466--470}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 15:47:34}, priority = {2}, title = {Evaluating Digital Libraries with 5SQual}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74851-9\_44}, year = {2007} } @article{citeulike:2793160, abstract = {Abstract\ \ Digital libraries (DLs) have eluded definitional consensus and lack agreement on common theories and frameworks. This makes comparison of DLs extremely difficult, promotes ad-hoc development, and impedes interoperability. In this paper we propose a formal ontology for DLs that defines the fundamental concepts, relationships, and axiomatic rules that govern the DL domain, therefore providing a frame of reference for the discussion of essential concepts of DL design and construction. The ontology is an axiomatic, formal treatment of DLs, which distinguishes it from other approaches that informally define a number of architectural variants. The process of construction of the ontology was guided by 5S, a formal framework for digital libraries. To test its expressibility we have used the ontology to create a taxonomy of DL services and to reason about issues of reusability, extensibility, and composability. Some practical applications of the ontology are also described including: the definition of a digital library services taxonomy, the proposal of a modeling language for digital libraries, and the specification of quality metrics to evaluate digital libraries. We also demonstrate how to use the ontology to formally describe DL architectures and to prove some properties about them, thus helping to further validate the ontology.}, author = {Gon\c{c}alves, Marcos and Fox, Edward and Watson, Layne}, citeulike-article-id = {2793160}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00799-008-0033-1}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/799/2008/00000008/00000002/00000033}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/f74353ph47n55234}, doi = {10.1007/s00799-008-0033-1}, issn = {1432-5012}, journal = {International Journal on Digital Libraries}, month = {April}, number = {2}, pages = {91--114}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 15:45:55}, priority = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Towards a digital library theory: a formal digital library ontology}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00799-008-0033-1}, volume = {8}, year = {2008} } @article{citeulike:5835890, abstract = {In this paper, we formalize the digital library (DL) integration problem and propose an overall approach based on the 5S (streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, and societies) framework. We then apply that framework to integrate domain-specific (archeological) DLs, illustrating our solutions for key problems in DL integration. An integrated Archeological DL, ETANA-DL, is used as a case study to justify and evaluate our DL integration approach. More specifically, we develop a minimal metamodel for archeological DLs within the 5S theory. We implement the 5SSuite tool set to cover the process of union DL generation, including requirements gathering, conceptual modeling, rapid prototyping, and code generation. 5SSuite consists of 5SGraph, 5SGen, and SchemaMapper, each of which plays an important role in DL integration. We also propose an approach to integrated DLs based on the 5S formalism, which provides a systematic method to design and implement DL exploring services.}, author = {Shen, R. and Vemuri, N. and Fan, W. and Fox, E.}, citeulike-article-id = {5835890}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2008.02.006}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306437908000173}, doi = {10.1016/j.is.2008.02.006}, issn = {03064379}, journal = {Information Systems}, month = {November}, number = {7-8}, pages = {699--723}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 15:45:35}, priority = {2}, title = {Integration of complex archeology digital libraries: An ETANA-DL experience}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2008.02.006}, volume = {33}, year = {2008} } @article{citeulike:5944328, abstract = {Digital libraries (DLs) are complex information systems which can present changes in their structure, content, and services. These complexities and dynamics make system maintenance a non-trivial task, since it requires periodical evaluation of the different DL components. Generally, these evaluations are customized per system and are performed only when problems occur and administrator intervention is required. This work aims to change the situation. We present 5SQual, a tool which provides ways to perform automatic and configurable evaluations of some of the most important DL components, among them, digital objects, metadata, and services. The tool implements diverse numeric indicators that are associated with eight quality dimensions described in the 5S quality model. Its generic architecture was developed to be applicable to various DLs and scenarios. In sum, the main contributions of this work include: (i) the design and implementation of 5SQual, a tool that validates a theoretical DL quality model; (ii) the demonstration of the applicability of the tool in several usage scenarios; and (iii) the evaluation (with usability specialists) of its graphical interface specially designed to guide the configuration of 5SQual evaluations. We also present the results of interviews conducted with administrators of real DLs regarding their expectations and opinions about 5SQual.}, author = {Moreira, B\'{a}rbara L. and Gon\c{c}alves, Marcos A. and Laender, Alberto H. F. and Fox, Edward A.}, citeulike-article-id = {5944328}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2008.12.003}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1751157708000734}, doi = {10.1016/j.joi.2008.12.003}, issn = {17511577}, journal = {Journal of Informetrics}, month = {April}, number = {2}, pages = {102--123}, posted-at = {2009-10-15 15:44:24}, priority = {2}, title = {Automatic evaluation of digital libraries with 5SQual}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2008.12.003}, volume = {3}, year = {2009} }